Why should we ask God to forgive us our debts (Matthew 6:12)?

Answer

Matthew 6:12 is found near the conclusion of what is commonly known as the Lord’s Prayer, a part of the Sermon on the Mount, a discourse on the kingdom of heaven. In this exemplary prayer, Jesus instructs His disciples to pray, “Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.” Some may question why believers, who have been forgiven of their sins, need to request God to “forgive us our debts.”

When examining the forgiveness of sins, it is crucial to recognize that there are three facets of salvation: positional, progressive, and ultimate. Positional salvation is often equated with justification—the state of being declared righteous. Progressive salvation entails the journey of becoming holy or righteous, as we are consecrated in this world for God’s purposes. Ultimate salvation is our glorification, when we are separated from the presence of sin and made whole in holiness. All three dimensions of salvation are divine acts accomplished by grace through faith (John 3:16;Romans 3:21-28).

The Christian is positionally righteous, yet not practically so. We are pronounced innocent in Christ, but we still commit sins daily in this world. Hence, we still need to implore God “to forgive us our debts” and also to forgive the debts of others. The “debts” to which Jesus refers are sins.

John addresses the same issue: “If we claim to be without sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:8-9). Christians should acknowledge their sins and transgressions against God and confess them to the only One who can forgive.

In Matthew 6, Jesus teaches humility and praying for God’s approval rather than human recognition.

Matthew 6:1, 5. He is addressing a Jewish audience, demonstrating to them that their righteousness based on the law is insufficient to gain entry into the kingdom of heaven cf: Matthew 5:20, 48. John is addressing “brethren,” indicating a Christian audience, comprising both Jews and Gentiles «Do not be surprised, my brethren, if the world hates you. », (1 John 3:13, 14, 16). This is crucial to comprehend, as it signifies that the concept of seeking God’s forgiveness for our sins is applicable universally.

Believing in the person and work of Jesus Christ results in justification (John 3:16; John 6:47; 1 John 5:1-5; Romans 4:1-3; 1 Corinthians 15:1-4). Repeatedly asking for forgiveness is not a prerequisite for salvation in this context. Confessing sins and seeking forgiveness after salvation are intended for maintaining a healthy relationship with God. We should seek God’s forgiveness for our sins to sustain and enhance our communion with Him. A daily prayer asking God to “forgive us our debts” is not essential for justification but is rather a component of the ongoing process of sanctification.