What is good biblical exegesis?

Answer

Exegesis means “exposition or explanation.” Biblical exegesis involves the examination of a specific text of scripture to interpret it correctly. Exegesis is a component of the process of hermeneutics, the science of interpretation. An individual who practices exegesis is known as an exegete.

Good biblical exegesis is actually commanded in scripture. “Study [be diligent] to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth” «Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. », (2 Timothy 2:15). According to this verse, we must handle the Word of God properly, through diligent study. If we don’t, we have reason to be ashamed.

There are some fundamental principles of good exegesis that dedicated students of the Bible will adhere to:

1. The Grammatical Principle. The Bible was written in human language, and language has a specific structure and follows particular rules. Therefore, we must interpret the Bible in a manner consistent with the basic rules of language.

Typically, the exegete begins the examination of a passage by defining the words within it. Definitions are essential for comprehending the passage as a whole, and it is crucial that the words are defined based on their original meaning rather than modern usage. To ensure precision, the exegete utilizes a precise English translation and Greek and Hebrew dictionaries.

Subsequently, the exegete analyzes the syntax, or the grammatical relationships of the words in the passage. They identify parallels, determine primary and subordinate ideas, and uncover actions, subjects, and their modifiers. They may even diagram a verse or two.

2. The Literal Principle. We assume that each word in a passage has a norma

Literal meaning should be the default interpretation, unless there is a valid reason to consider it as a figure of speech. The exegete should not force a spiritual or allegorical interpretation. Words carry their intended meanings.

Therefore, when the Bible references a “horse,” it is referring to an actual horse. Similarly, when the Bible talks about the Promised Land, it is speaking of a tangible land designated for Israel and should not be seen as a symbol of heaven.

3. The Historical Principle. Over time, cultures evolve, perspectives shift, and languages transform. It is crucial to avoid interpreting scripture solely through the lens of contemporary culture; scripture must always be understood within its historical backdrop.

A diligent student of the Bible will delve into the geography, customs, current events, and even the politics of the era in which a passage was written. Familiarity with ancient Jewish customs can significantly enhance the comprehension of scripture. To conduct this research, the exegete will consult Bible dictionaries, commentaries, and historical texts.

4. The Synthesis Principle. The most reliable interpreter of scripture is scripture itself. A passage should be analyzed in light of its immediate context (surrounding verses), broader context (the book it belongs to), and complete context (the entire Bible). The Bible is internally consistent; any theological assertion in one passage can and should align with theological teachings in other parts of scripture. Sound interpretation of the Bible connects each passage to the overarching message of scripture.

5. The Practical Principle. Once a passage has been thoroughly examined to grasp its meaning, it is incumbent upon us to apply it to our lives. Properly interpreting the word of truth is not merely an intellectual exercise; it is a transformative experience.