What is Brahmanism?

Answer

Hinduism is one of the oldest religions globally, originating from the Sanskrit term for the Indus Valley. Before 500 BC, the prevalent religious belief was known as Vedism or sometimes Brahmanism, forming the ancient basis of what we now recognize as Hinduism. This foundation has evolved into various sects and interpretations of Hindu faith present today.

Brahmanism, in particular, does not represent a distinct Hindu religious sect. There exists a social-political movement called Brahminism, spelled differently from Brahmanism, which refers to members of a specific social caste within Hindu society known as Brahmans. Generally, Brahmanism serves as an overarching term encompassing the principal Hindu religious beliefs. Any group emphasizing this term in their identity does so to underscore beliefs shared by all Hindu followers.

At the core of Brahmanism and its spiritual successors lies the concept of Brahman, signifying the ultimate reality. Brahman is viewed as the singular, eternal, transcendental truth that encompasses all existence. While Brahman is sometimes oversimplified as the supreme deity of Hinduism, in Brahmanism, it is neither personal nor limited to any specific description. Instead, Brahman embodies “existence,” “the universe,” or “all that is or could be.” It is essential to note that Brahman is distinct from the deity Brahma, who is one of the three principal gods in Hinduism, alongside Shiva and Vishnu.

The belief in Brahman, fundamental to Brahmanism, is challenging to articulate due to its profound nature. Individuals not accustomed to a worldview based on this concept may struggle to comprehend reality in this manner. While attempting to define Brahmanism as the ultimate “oneness” that underpins all existence, the limitations of an article format prevent a comprehensive explanation.

Various branches and interpretations stemming from the belief in Brahman are delineated using terms.

Concepts like Atman, pantheism, reincarnation, karma, and nirvana were not integral to ancient Brahmanism. Instead, these beliefs evolved from Brahmanism gradually. Depending on definitions, religions like Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism might be viewed as parallel branches stemming from Brahmanism. While these religions have common core principles, their practices are notably diverse.