Summary of the Book of 2 Samuel

Author:
The Book of 2 Samuel does not identify its author. It could not be the Prophet Samuel, since he died in 1 Samuel. Possible writers include Nathan and Gad. «Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer, », (see 1 Chronicles 29:29).

Date of Writing:
Originally, the books of 1 and 2 Samuel were one book. The translators of the Septuagint separated them, and we have retained that separation ever since. The events of 1 Samuel span approximately 100 years, from c. 1100 B.C. to c. 1000 B.C. The events of 2 Samuel cover another 40 years. The date of writing, then, would be sometime after 960 B.C.

Purpose of Writing:
2 Samuel is the record of King David’s reign. This book places the Davidic Covenant in its historical context.

Key Verses:

“Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever” «And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. », (2 Samuel 7:16).

“But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son!” «But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son! », (2 Samuel 19:4).

“The LORD is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation. He is my stronghold.My refuge and my savior—from violent men you save me. I call to the LORD, who is worthy of praise, and I am saved from my enemies” (2 Samuel 22:2-4).

Brief Summary:
The book of 2 Samuel can be divided into two main sections—David’s triumphs (chapters 1-10) and David’s troubles (chapters 11-20). The final part of the book (chapters 21-24) is a non-chronological appendix that contains further details of David’s reign.

The book begins with David receiving news of the death of Saul and his sons. He proclaims a time of mourning. Soon afterward, David is crowned king over Judah, while Ish-bosheth, one of Saul’s surviving sons, is crowned king over Israel (chapter 2). A civil war follows, but Ish-bosheth is murdered, and the Israelites ask David to reign over them as well (chapters 4-5).

David moves the country’s capital from Hebron to Jerusalem and later moves the Ark of the Covenant (chapters 5-6). David’s plan to build a temple in Jerusalem is vetoed by God, who then promises David the following things: 1) David would have a son to rule after him; 2) David’s son would build the temple; 3) the throne occupied by David’s lineage would be established forever; and 4) God would never take His mercy from David’s house (2 Samuel 7:4-16).

David leads Israel to victory over many of the enemy nations that surrounded them. He also shows kindness to the family of Jonathan by taking in Mephibosheth, Jonathan’s crippled son (chapters 8-10).

Then David falls. He lusts for a beautiful woman named Bathsheba, commits adultery with her, and then has her husband murdered (chapter 11). When Nathan the prophet confronts David with his sin, David confesses, and God graciously forgives. However, the Lord tells David that trouble would arise from within his own household.

Trouble does come when David’s firstborn son, Amnon, rapes his half-sister,Tamar. In retaliation, Tamar’s brother Absalom kills Amnon. Absalom then flees Jerusalem rather than facing his father’s anger. Later, Absalom leads a revolt against David, and some of David’s former associates join the rebellion (chapters 15-16). David is forced out of Jerusalem, and Absalom sets himself up as king for a short time. The usurper is overthrown, however, and—against David’s wishes—is killed. David mourns his fallen son.

A general feeling of unrest plagues the remainder of David’s reign. The men of Israel threaten to split from Judah, and David must suppress another uprising (chapter 20).

The book’s appendix includes information concerning a three-year famine in the land (chapter 21), a song of David (chapter 22), a record of the exploits of David’s bravest warriors (chapter 23), and David’s sinful census and the ensuing plague (chapter 24).

Foreshadowings:
The Lord Jesus Christ is seen primarily in two parts of 2 Samuel. First, the Davidic Covenant as outlined in 2 Samuel 7:16: “Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever” and reiterated in Luke 1:31-33 in the words of the angel who appeared to Mary to announce Jesus’ birth to her: “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end.” Christ is the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant; He is the Son of God in the line of David who will reign forever.

Second, Jesus is seen in the song of David at the end of his life (2 Samuel 22:2-51). He sings of his rock, fortress, and deliverer, his refuge and savior. Jesus is our Rock (1 Corinthians 10:4;1 Peter 2:7-9), the Deliverer of Israel

(Romans 11:25-27), the stronghold to which we have sought refuge to grasp the hope laid before us «that by two unchangeable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a firm encouragement, who have sought refuge to grasp the hope laid before us: », (Hebrews 6:18 KJV), and our sole Redeemer (Luke 2:11;2 Timothy 1:10).

Practical Application:
Anyone can stumble. Even a man like David, who genuinely sought to follow God and who was abundantly blessed by God, was vulnerable to temptation. David’s transgression with Bathsheba should serve as a caution to all of us to protect our hearts, our eyes, and our thoughts. Pride in our spiritual growth and our capacity to resist temptation in our own strength is the initial step toward a downfall «Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall. », (1 Corinthians 10:12).

God is merciful to pardon even the most atrocious sins when we genuinely repent. Nevertheless, healing the injury caused by sin does not always eliminate the mark. Sin carries inherent consequences, and even after he was forgiven, David faced the repercussions of his actions. His child from the unlawful relationship with another man’s wife was taken from him (2 Samuel 12:14-24) and David endured the anguish of a rupture in his intimate bond with his heavenly Father (Psalms 32 and 51). How much wiser it is to shun sin from the outset, rather than having to seek forgiveness later!