What is generic criticism?

Answer

Generic criticism refers to the method of defining the fundamental “type” of a piece of writing or speech. The term uses criticism to mean “analysis,” as it relates to the word critique. The term genre means “a category of similar things.” In art, writing, or music, it denotes works that share a common style. For example, classical music and heavy metal music belong to different genres. Romantic comedies represent one genre of films, while horror movies represent another. Therefore, generic criticism of a work like the Bible would involve categorizing a passage as poetry, prophecy, history, narrative, or another broad classification.

The books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, for instance, fall into the genre of wisdom literature. This type of writing addresses real-world issues from a practical, common-sense perspective. It is not intended to be a series of absolute statements, prophecies, or historical accounts. Understanding that Proverbs is “wisdom literature” aids in interpreting its intended meanings.

As another example, Paul’s letters to the Galatians and Romans largely align with the genre of judicial argument. In essence, lawyers in Paul’s time would employ a similar style of writing or speech when presenting their case before a judge. This viewpoint helps a reader discern Paul’s intended connections between various statements or remarks. It can also clarify why Paul introduces specific points or facts and why he organizes them as he does. It provides the reader with a “starting point” for interpreting those works—not an absolute requirement, but a useful reference.

Like other approaches, generic criticism is merely a tool that can be used appropriately or misused. We may acknowledge that books such as Ezekiel and Revelation fall under the “apocalyptic literature” genre and analyze them accordingly. However, it would be erroneous to assume that any particular section of those books is false or imaginary.

Truth should not be dismissed simply because it falls into the category of apocalyptic literature. Likewise, rejecting the literal truth of everything in the Gospel of Luke solely because Luke aims to persuade the reader would be inaccurate.

The value of generic criticism in enhancing our understanding depends on its appropriate application. When used correctly, it assists us in “rightly dividing the word of truth” «Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. », (2 Timothy 2:15, KJV) and provides valuable insights for discipleship (see Matthew 28:19-20).