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Numbers 1 - Benson Joseph - Bible Commentary

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Numbers 1

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of witness, on the first day of the second month, in the second year of their departure from the land of Egypt, saying,

2 Take the sum of all the congregation of Israel according to their families, according to the houses of their fathers' families, according to their number by their names, according to their heads: every male

3 from twenty years old and upwards, everyone that goes forth in the forces of Israel, take account of them with their strength; you and Aaron take account of them.

4 And with you there shall be each one of the rulers according to the tribe of each: they shall be according to the houses of their families.

5 And these are the names of the men who shall be present with you; of the tribe of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur;

6 of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zuri-shaddai;

7 of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab;

8 of Issachar, Nathanel the son of Zuar;

9 of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon;

10 of the sons of Joseph, of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud; of Manasseh, Gamalliel the son of Pedahzur;

11 of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni;

12 of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai;

13 of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ocran;

14 of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel;

15 of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.

16 These were famous men of the congregation, heads of the tribes according to their families: these are heads of thousands in Israel.

17 And Moses and Aaron took these men who were called by name.

18 And they assembled all the congregation on the first day of the month in the second year; and they registered them after their lineage, after their families, after the number of their names, from twenty years old and upwards, every male according to their number;

19 as the Lord commanded Moses, so they were numbered in the Wilderness of Sinai.

20 And the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their heads, were all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that went out with the army.

21 The numbering of them of the tribe of Reuben was forty-six thousand four hundred.

22 For the children of Simeon according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the army,

23 the numbering of them of the tribe of Simeon was fifty-nine thousand three hundred.

24 For the sons of Gad according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

25 the numbering of them of the tribe of Gad was forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.

26 For the sons of Judah according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

27 the numbering of them of the tribe of Judah was seventy-four thousand six hundred.

28 For the sons of Issachar according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

29 the numbering of them of the tribe of Issachar was fifty-four thousand four hundred.

30 For the sons of Zebulun according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the army,

31 the numbering of them of the tribe of Zebulun was fifty-seven thousand four hundred.

32 For the sons of Joseph, the sons of Ephraim, according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the army,

33 the numbering of them of the tribe of Ephraim was forty thousand five hundred.

34 For the sons of Manasseh according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the army,

35 the numbering of them of the tribe of Manasseh was thirty-two thousand two hundred.

36 For the sons of Benjamin according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

37 the numbering of them of the tribe of Benjamin was thirty-five thousand four hundred.

38 For the sons of Dan according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

39 the numbering of them of the tribe of Dan was sixty-two thousand seven hundred.

40 For the sons of Asher according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the army,

41 the numbering of them of the tribe of Asher was forty-one thousand five hundred.

42 For the sons of Naphtali according to their families, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes forth with the army,

43 the numbering of them of the tribe of Naphtali was fifty-three thousand four hundred.

44 This is the numbering which Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel, being twelve men, conducted. There was a man for each tribe, they were according to the tribe of the houses of their family.

45 And the whole numbering of the children of Israel with their army from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out to set himself in battle array in Israel, came to

46 six hundred and three thousand, five hundred and fifty.

47 But the Levites of the tribe of their family were not counted among the children of Israel.

48 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

49 See, you shall not muster the tribe of Levi, and you shall not take their numbers, in the midst of the children of Israel.

50 And you shall set the Levites over the tabernacle of witness, and over all its furniture, and over all things that are in it; and they shall do service in it, and they shall encamp round about the tabernacle.

51 And in removing the tabernacle, the Levites shall take it down, and in pitching the tabernacle they shall set it up: and let the stranger that advances to touch it die.

52 And the children of Israel shall encamp, every man in his own order, and every man according to his company, with their army.

53 But let the Levites encamp round about the tabernacle of witness fronting it, and so there shall be no sin among the children of Israel; and the Levites themselves shall keep the guard of the tabernacle of witness.

54 And the children of Israel did according to all that the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

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Numbers 1

Numbers 1:1

And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, Numbers 1:1. In the wilderness of Sinai — Where now they had been a full year or near it, having left Egypt about thirteen months. Compare this place with Exodus 19:1; Exodus 40:17.

Numbers 1:2

Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls; Numbers 1:2. Take ye the sum — This is not the same muster with that spoken of Exodus 38:26, as plainly appears, because that was before the building of the tabernacle, which was built and set up on the first day of the first month; (Exodus 40:2;) but this was after it, on the first day of the second month. And they were for different ends; that was to tax them for the charges of the tabernacle; but this was for other purposes, as partly, that the great number of the people might be known to the praise of God’s faithfulness, in making good his promises of multiplying them, and for their own encouragement: partly for the better ordering of their camp and march, for they were now beginning their journey; and partly that this account might be compared with the other in the close of the book, where we read that not one of all this vast number, except Caleb and Joshua, were left alive; a fair warning to all future generations to take head of rebelling against the Lord. It is true, the sums and numbers agree in this and the former computation mentioned, (Exodus 38:26,) which is not strange, because there was not much time between these two numberings, and no eminent sin among the people in that interval, whereby God was provoked to diminish their numbers. Some, indeed, suppose, that in that number (Exodus 30:38.) the Levites were included, who are here excepted, (Numbers 1:47,) and that in that interval of time there were grown up as many more men of those years as there were Levites of the same age. Israel —

So the strangers mixed with them were not numbered. Their fathers — The people were divided into twelve tribes, the tribes into great families, (Numbers 26:5,) these great families into lesser families, called the houses of their fathers, because they were distinguished one from another by their fathers.

Numbers 1:3

From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies. Numbers 1:3. That are able to go forth to war — It would seem from this that none of the aged and infirm were numbered, as being unable to go to war. Among several other nations as well as the Jews, particularly the Romans, all who were of age to bear arms were obliged, upon some occasions, to go forth to battle. And hence it is that we read of the kings of Israel bringing such numerous armies into the field as appear hardly credible to those who judge of their manners by ours.

Numbers 1:4

And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one head of the house of his fathers.

Numbers 1:5

And these are the names of the men that shall stand with you: of the tribe of Reuben; Elizur the son of Shedeur. Numbers 1:5. Reuben — The tribes are here numbered according to the order or quality of their birth, first the children of Leah, then of Rachel, and then of the handmaids.

Numbers 1:6

Of Simeon; Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

Numbers 1:7

Of Judah; Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

Numbers 1:8

Of Issachar; Nethaneel the son of Zuar.

Numbers 1:9

Of Zebulun; Eliab the son of Helon.

Numbers 1:10

Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim; Elishama the son of Ammihud: of Manasseh; Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.

Numbers 1:11

Of Benjamin; Abidan the son of Gideoni.

Numbers 1:12

Of Dan; Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.

Numbers 1:13

Of Asher; Pagiel the son of Ocran.

Numbers 1:14

Of Gad; Eliasaph the son of Deuel. Numbers 1:14. Deuel — Called Reuel, Numbers 2:14, the Hebrew letters daleth and resh being often changed.

Numbers 1:15

Of Naphtali; Ahira the son of Enan.

Numbers 1:16

These were the renowned of the congregation, princes of the tribes of their fathers, heads of thousands in Israel.

Numbers 1:17

And Moses and Aaron took these men which are expressed by their names:

Numbers 1:18

And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls.

Numbers 1:19

As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai.

Numbers 1:20

And the children of Reuben, Israel's eldest son, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; Numbers 1:20. By their generations — That is, the persons begotten of Reuben’s immediate children, who are here subdivided into families, and they into houses, and they into particular persons.

Numbers 1:21

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and five hundred.

Numbers 1:22

Of the children of Simeon, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, those that were numbered of them, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:23

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred.

Numbers 1:24

Of the children of Gad, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:25

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty.

Numbers 1:26

Of the children of Judah, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:27

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred. Numbers 1:27. Threescore and fourteen thousand — Far more than any other tribe, in accomplishing Jacob’s prophecy, Genesis 49.

Numbers 1:28

Of the children of Issachar, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:29

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred.

Numbers 1:30

Of the children of Zebulun, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:31

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred.

Numbers 1:32

Of the children of Joseph, namely, of the children of Ephraim, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:33

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five hundred. Numbers 1:33. Ephraim — Above eight thousand more than Manasseh, toward the accomplishment of that promise, (Genesis 48:20,) which Satan in vain attempted to defeat by stirring up the men of Gath against them, 1 Chronicles 7:21-22.

Numbers 1:34

Of the children of Manasseh, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:35

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Manasseh, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred.

Numbers 1:36

Of the children of Benjamin, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:37

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred. Numbers 1:37. Thirty-five thousand — The smallest number, except one, though Benjamin had more immediate children than any of his brethren, Genesis 46:21; whereas Dan had but one immediate son, (Genesis 46:23,) yet now his number is the largest but one of all the tribes, and is almost double to that of Benjamin. Such great and strange changes God easily can, and frequently doth make in families, 1 Samuel 2:5. And therefore let none boast or please themselves too much in their numerous offspring.

Numbers 1:38

Of the children of Dan, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:39

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred.

Numbers 1:40

Of the children of Asher, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:41

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred.

Numbers 1:42

Of the children of Naphtali, throughout their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;

Numbers 1:43

Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Naphtali, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred.

Numbers 1:44

These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men: each one was for the house of his fathers.

Numbers 1:45

So were all those that were numbered of the children of Israel, by the house of their fathers, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war in Israel;

Numbers 1:46

Even all they that were numbered were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.

Numbers 1:47

But the Levites after the tribe of their fathers were not numbered among them.

Numbers 1:48

For the LORD had spoken unto Moses, saying,

Numbers 1:49

Only thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them among the children of Israel: Numbers 1:49. Levi — Because they were not generally to go out to war, which was the thing principally eyed in this muster, (Numbers 1:3; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 1:45,) but were to attend upon the service of the tabernacle. They that minister upon holy things, should not entangle themselves in secular affairs. The ministry itself is work enough for a whole man, and all little enough to be employed in it.

Numbers 1:50

But thou shalt appoint the Levites over the tabernacle of testimony, and over all the vessels thereof, and over all things that belong to it: they shall bear the tabernacle, and all the vessels thereof; and they shall minister unto it, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle. Numbers 1:50-51. The tabernacle of testimony — So called here, and Exodus 38:21, because it was made chiefly for the sake of the ark of the testimony, which is often called the testimony. The stranger elsewhere is one of another nation, here one of another tribe. That cometh nigh — So as to do the offices mentioned Numbers 1:50.

Numbers 1:51

And when the tabernacle setteth forward, the Levites shall take it down: and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall set it up: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

Numbers 1:52

And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by his own camp, and every man by his own standard, throughout their hosts.

Numbers 1:53

But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel: and the Levites shall keep the charge of the tabernacle of testimony. Numbers 1:53. No wrath — From God, who is very tender of his worship, and will not suffer the profaners of it to go unpunished! whose wrath is called simply wrath, by way of eminence, as the most terrible kind of wrath.

Numbers 1:54

And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they.


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The Complete Apostles' Bible

Translated by Sir Lancelot C.L. Brenton. Revised and Edited by Paul W. Esposito, and, The English Majority Text Version (EMTV) of the Holy Bible, New Testament. Copyright © 2002-2004 Paul W. Esposito.

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