What is Shaivism?

Answer

One of the better-known interpretations of Hinduism is Shaivism, a sect that regards the deity Shiva as supreme. Hinduism is typically polytheistic, believing in numerous gods and goddesses. The emphasis on a single deity is sometimes mistakenly labeled as monotheism in cases like Shaivism. In reality, Shaivism is a type of monolatry or henotheism, as it worships a single deity while acknowledging the existence of multiple deities.

Shaivism stands out from other Hindu sects, partly due to its views on animals and violence. The principle of ahimsa, or non-violence, is seen as a moral duty in most Hindu branches. This commonly involves a ban on consuming meat or harming animals. In contrast, Shaivism does not prioritize ahimsa as much as other factions and actually incorporates animal sacrifices into its rituals.

Shaivism also differs from more popular sects like Vaishnavism by placing less importance on the concept of avatars—physical manifestations of the supreme deity. Shaivism directs its focus on the deity Shiva—sometimes spelled Siva—who is the Hindu god of the performing arts and dance. It is not surprising, then, that Shaivism has played a significant role in the evolution of Hindu dance, music, and practices like yoga.

Shaivists are recognized for wearing a symbol consisting of three horizontal lines and a red circle on their foreheads. Scholars propose that Shaivism is the oldest among the various Hindu sub-groups, although it appears to have more commonalities with Buddhism than other Hindu denominations.

In essence, Shaivism can be evaluated using the same fundamental principles as Hinduism. Notions such as karma, reincarnation, and so on cannot be validated by logic and evidence. In comparison to the Bible, Hindu scriptures are internally inconsistent, a point that Hindu scholars will reference.

I readily admit. From a spiritual perspective, Shaivism might offer a distinctive interpretation of Hinduism, but it is equally valid as any other Hindu sect.