What is Epiphany / Three Kings’ Day?

Answer

Epiphany is an ancient church festival that celebrates the visit of the magi to the Christ Child (Matthew 2:1-12). It is observed on January 6. Epiphany is also known as “Three Kings’ Day” and “Twelfth Day”—the latter term because January 6 falls twelve days after Christmas; the evening before Epiphany is referred to as “Twelfth Night.” This festival is predominantly celebrated in Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican, and other liturgical churches.

The term epiphany means “manifestation” or “revelation.” Therefore, this holiday commemorates the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles, symbolized by the magi as seen in Simeon’s prophecy in Luke 2:32. For some, Epiphany also memorializes the baptism of Jesus (Luke 3:21-22) and His miracle of turning water into wine (John 2:1-11)—both manifestations of Christ’s divinity to the world.

Various traditions are associated with Epiphany celebrations, which differ from one culture to another. These customs include the Star Singers (children dressed as kings carrying a large star, singing carols from house to house); raising funds for charity; and the custom of “plundering” and burning Christmas trees. In French Catholic tradition, Epiphany marks the start of Mardi Gras, with the baking and serving of “king cakes.”

Other customs involve prayers (some directed to “Caspar,” “Melchior,” and “Balthasar,” the traditional names of the magi); the consecration of holy water; the burning of “blessed” herbs; and the presentation of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

Is it appropriate for a Christian to celebrate Epiphany? There is certainly no harm in commemorating the various events in Christ’s life, and a Christian is at liberty to observe any day, provided it is done “unto the Lord” (Isaiah 1:13-14) that have developed around many holidays, including Epiphany. Sprinkling “holy” water, for example, and burning “blessed” herbs are merely superstitious practices. Additionally, some customs directly contradict scripture. For instance, asking the magi to bless one’s house conflicts with the Bible’s clear teaching that we should pray only to God Himself (Psalm 91:15; Matthew 6:6, 9; 1 Timothy 2:5).

Regardless of the holidays we choose to observe, the Lord should always be glorified in them; no matter how our calendars are marked, the Bible must remain our sole guide for faith and practice.